Aquaponics Digest - Thu 02/18/99
Message 1: Re: Michael's Urine Ideas
from Michael Strates
Message 2: Re: compost tea for hydroponics
from jilli and lars
Message 3: Super intensive
from Jose Pelleya
Message 4: duckweed
from Jose Pelleya
Message 5: RE: identifying crayfish from Florida
from "Jorg D. Ostrowski"
Message 6: Re: feasibility question about yellow perch
from "brett deiser"
Message 7: unsubscribe
from "Martha Wright"
Message 8: Re:unsubscribe
from "Martha Wright"
Message 9: Re:unsubscribe
from "Martha Wright"
Message 10: Re: unsubscribe
from "Martha Wright"
Message 11: Re:unsubscribe
from "Martha Wright"
Message 12: Re:unsubscribe
from "Martha Wright"
Message 13: Reunsubscrie
from "Martha Wright"
Message 14: Re: runsubscribe
from "Martha Wright"
Message 15: Reunsubscribe
from "Martha Wright"
Message 16: Re: unsubscribe
from "Martha Wright"
Message 17: unsubscribe
from "Decla Nichols"
Message 18: Fed Up!
from Michael Strates
Message 19: Re: feasibility question about yellow perch
from "Jorg D. Ostrowski"
Message 20: List instructions
from S & S Aqua Farm
Message 21: Re: request for nutrient supplier
from Jaarvis
Message 22: Re: duckweed
from doelle
Message 23: Re: Fed Up!
from doelle
Message 24: Re: uns*bscribe
from Chris Hedemark
Message 25: duckweed
from PHRL33A@prodigy.com (MS JEAN R SHAFFER)
Message 26: Re: uns*bscribe
from Adriana Gutierrez
Message 27: Duckweed - info from earlier posts - long
from S & S Aqua Farm
Message 28: Fwd. packaging
from S & S Aqua Farm
Message 29: Re: Wick Hydroponic System
from MUDDTOO
Message 30: Word of Thanks
from Dave Miller
Message 31: Re: Wick Hydroponic System
from Dave Miller
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| Message 1 |
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Subject: Re: Michael's Urine Ideas
From: Michael Strates
Date: Fri, 19 Feb 1999 04:04:01 +1100 (EST)
On Thu, 18 Feb 1999, Dave Miller wrote:
DM> I'm missing something, I assume you run the uhhh solution through
DM> multiple times or continiously? What exactly is the floss and where
DM> does the powder form? The theory sounds good, can you detail the
DM> specifics even if offline? I would be willing to wait until you have
DM> one up and running.
Floss is simple filter floss. The filter is just a normal biological
filter which converts urea into nitrate. The water circulates in it
continiously.
The powder forms in a metal evaporation can which is heated by the sun.
I'll detail more of this when I get it working.
--
e-mail: mstrates@croftj.net www: http://www.croftj.net/~mstrates
See keyservers for PGP info. Linux! The OS of my Choice!
"Once you have flown, you will walk the earth with your eyes turned
skyward, for there you have been, and there you long to return."
- Leonardo da Vinci, and below an extract from John Fogerty's song:
Hey, Tonight - Gonna be tonight- Don't you know I'm flyin'- Tonight
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| Message 2 |
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Subject: Re: compost tea for hydroponics
From: jilli and lars
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 00:29:31 -0800
KLOTTTRUE wrote:
> Lars wrote looking for snail eaters,Lars go to http://www.Combat-Fishing.com
> ,good site for salt & fresh water fishes info with pictures.Ken
thanks ken - lots of info at that site.lars
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Subject: Super intensive
From: Jose Pelleya
Date: Wed, 17 Feb 1999 22:05:57 -0700
Alejandro:
One experimental project here uses 25 square meter circular concrete tanks
with 10 times a day water exchange and a density of 100 fish per m3. They
have a 3" pipe. They tell me of another who uses a larger pipe, about 6"
and has 250 fish x m3. Both of these raise fish to 500g in 4 months.
I'm looking into possibly tanks in octagonal shapes made from prefab panels
with every other panel being a common wall, if it makes sense cost wise.
Also looking into the possibility of plastic tanks, but don't know how big
I can get them without custom building them, or the price.
I'll keep you posted.
Jose
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Subject: duckweed
From: Jose Pelleya
Date: Wed, 17 Feb 1999 22:11:09 -0700
Lars:
There's lots on duckweed aquaculture, and it's used in the Orient a lot.
Upside: free food
Downside: Labor involved in harvesting, drying, etc, plus they need still
waters, so they're raised in separate ponds.
If you're still interested, I'll dig up the URL.
Jose
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Subject: RE: identifying crayfish from Florida
From: "Jorg D. Ostrowski"
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 08:13:13 -0700 (MST)
Alejandro: We do not have such resources at the university of this
land-locked city. I have seen the Australian web site and it is of help,
but will not help with crayfish from Florida. Any further advice from=20
anyone would be appreciated. Jorg Ostrowski
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Subject: Re: feasibility question about yellow perch
From: "brett deiser"
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 07:59:44 PST
>Hello;
>I am in Ohio, just talked to a local guy who does recirculation fish
>farming. Trout, walleye, and yellow perch, the yellow perch being >the
ones I am interested in. He was fairly scornful of the whole
>aquaponiker notion. His son, he was quick to tell me, is a PhD and >he
(the son) is CERTAIN that
>there isn't a chance of it working. ie: water quality good enough
>for fish won't support plant life, water that will support plant >life
will kill the fish.
The system as set up at the S&S Aqua Farms doesn't allow
the build up of waste from the fish to reach harmful levels as the water
is cycled thru the gravel medium fairly often this allows,I believe, the
concentration of fish wastes in the gravel to levels beneficial to the
plants and clears the water for the fish before it's returned to the
fish tanks. If I've misinterpreted this someone please correct me.
Keep your nose to the grindstone, Your eye on the ball, and Your
ear to the ground, and try to work in that position!!
Brett:-}
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| Message 18 |
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Subject: Fed Up!
From: Michael Strates
Date: Fri, 19 Feb 1999 17:30:43 +1100 (EST)
Holy sh*t.. Will these fools stop posting unsubscribe messages to the
mailing list. If you had of KEPT the notice you got when you subscribed,
you would have known how to unsubscribe.
Let this be a learning excercise. If you had of asked nicely rather than
sending 1,000s of unsubscribe messages to the list, perhaps you would have
got a little bit further with some help.
--
e-mail: mstrates@croftj.net www: http://www.croftj.net/~mstrates
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| Message 19 |
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Subject: Re: feasibility question about yellow perch
From: "Jorg D. Ostrowski"
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 12:51:01 -0700 (MST)
you said:"The system as set up at the S&S Aqua Farms doesn't allow
the build up of waste from the fish to reach harmful levels as the water
is cycled thru the gravel medium fairly often "
__________________________________________________________________________
Brett/Paula: How often is best? I used to do it 24 hours/day. That
required 415 kWh/year. Now it is on a timer for 0.5 hr/day, which only
requires 5 kWh/year. From an energy point of view that is good. Is that
good enough for my gravel hydroponics and the fish? Jorg Ostrowski
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| Message 20 |
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Subject: List instructions
From: S & S Aqua Farm
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 13:51:03 -0600
III. SUBSCRIBE/UNSUBSCRIBE INFORMATION
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| Message 21 |
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Subject: Re: request for nutrient supplier
From: Jaarvis
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 16:49:55 EST
hi all
i noticed the request for liquid nutrients
i work in the research and development department at General Hydroponics,
predominately testing a variety of nutrient formulas
we currently sell a 3 part nutrient formula called the Flora series which can
be combined in different ratios for a wide variety of applications
we have a web site at http://www.genhydro.com that has more information and
pictures of some of the hobby and commercial systems we produce
it also has our toll free number
additionally, we have been working with a mined mineral clay that provides a
wide spectrum of trace elements
we have an article on this at http://www.genhydro.com/pyroclay.html
or it can be reached off our articles and FAQ link
finally, we have tried a variety of organic nutrient formulas, but would often
run into problems with their buffering capacity
if you want to use worm castings, you should monitor the pH to make sure it
stays within an acceptable range
some of our trials have produced acceptable growth, but nothing compared to
our regular formula
good luck
jaarvis
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| Message 22 |
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Subject: Re: duckweed
From: doelle
Date: Fri, 19 Feb 1999 09:09:59 +1100
Have a look at the electronic Journal Livestoch Research for Rural Development:
http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrdhome.html
This group: www.cipav.org.co works a lot in Vietnam with Duckweed and
earthworms integrated systems.
Good Luck
Horst
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| Message 23 |
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Subject: Re: Fed Up!
From: doelle
Date: Fri, 19 Feb 1999 09:14:34 +1100
Keep your cool, Michael
Went through the same messy exercise. Some never learn.
Horst
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| Message 24 |
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Subject: Re: uns*bscribe
From: Chris Hedemark
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 18:42:37 -0500
Martha Wright wrote:
>
> unsubscribe
[snip]
Paula,
Just some constructive advice... how about setting up the list server to
include the uns*b instructions in the footer of every message?
--
Chris Hedemark
Email: chris@yonderway.com ICQ: 28986378
Rural Living at Yonder Way - http://www.yonderway.com/rural
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Subject: duckweed
From: PHRL33A@prodigy.com (MS JEAN R SHAFFER)
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 19:04:06, -0500
Jose
Please dig up the URL for me, on duck weed
Jean
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| Message 26 |
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Subject: Re: uns*bscribe
From: Adriana Gutierrez
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 19:37:25 -0500
> Paula,
> Just some constructive advice... how about setting up the list server to
> include the uns*b instructions in the footer of every message?
>
Better yet, Chris, it should be in the header with a live link.
When people get in the unsubscribe mode they can't be bothered to
scroll through 41 messages.
Adriana
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| Message 27 |
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Subject: Duckweed - info from earlier posts - long
From: S & S Aqua Farm
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 19:18:09 -0600
Checking through some of the older posts, I found this sampling of duckweed
conversations and info. Hope it's of some help to those who were interested.
Paula
----------------------------------------
Date: Sun, 14 Dec 1997 11:05:20 -1000
From: Miguel Olaizola
Subject: Duckweed info
Aloha everyone:
Those of you who are interested in learning about duckweed may want to check
out the following web site:
http://www.prism-usa.org/
Good luck and keep up the great posts!
--------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sun, 14 Dec 1997 11:58:42 -0800 (PST)
From: "Darren J. Hanson"
Subject: Re: Duck Weed
At 10:36 AM 12/14/97 EST, FranksFarm wrote:
>Does any one know the feed value, nutrient contents of such and how to
>incorporate such product into a balanced fish meal ration without having to
>resort to expensive machinery?
The main problem with processing duckweed appears to be its high water content
from what I've read. (90-95%), but it seems to be fiarly nutritions (42%
protein dry
weight, several important amino acids, lots of caroteins, etc.)
Also, with the Carp Polyculture I was reading about, one type of carp ate
the duckweed
and was approximately 50% efficient at converting it's nutrients to its own
use. A second
species was then stocked that fed on feces in the pond to scavange those
remaining
nutrients. It's fecal matter then replaced the raw manure to feed algae and
other
micro-organisms which other carp species fed on.
If anyone is interested, I could try and find the URL again.
-----------------------------------------
Date: Sun, 14 Dec 1997 12:54:41 -0800 (PST)
From: "Darren J. Hanson"
Subject: Duck Weed
The URL I mentioned is: http://www.prism-usa.org/fulltext/duckweed/duckweed.htm
And this is the table of contents "page". Happy reading!
TECHNICAL WORKING PAPER
DUCKWEED AQUACULTURE
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Section 1 - Biology of duckweed
Morphology
Distribution
Growth conditions
Production rates
Nutritional value
Section 2 - Duckweed farming
Land
Water management
Nutrient sources
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Trace minerals
Organic wastes
Fertilizer application
Crop management
Containment and wind buffering
Seeding duckweed
Stress management
Harvesting
Section 3 - Duckweed-fed fish production
Introduction
Importance of oxygen
More efficient culture of top-feeders
Review of conventional carp polyculture
Fertilization
Supplementary feeding
Production constraints
Typical carp yields in Asia
Duckweed-fed carp polyculture
Practical objectives
Logic of duckweed-fed carp polyculture
Basic hypotheses about duckweed-fed carp polyculture
Carp stocking strategy
Duckweed feed
Fertilization of the pond
Oxygen regime
Management and productivity compared to the traditional Chinese model
Crop and oxygen monitoring
Fish quality, health and security
Harvesting
Markets
Duckweed-fed tilapia
Section 4 - Economic and institutional issues
Linkage of duckweed and fish production
Demand models
Two-unit linkage
Group linkage
Vertical integration
Linkage catalysts
Technical assistance and extension issues
Credit requirements
Pricing issues
Profitability
Section 5 - Duckweed-based wastewater treatment systems
A wastewater treatment primer
Primary system
Sedimentation
Sludge disposal
Odor Control
Costs
Duckweed plug flow system
Duckweed farm
Recirculating systems
Distributing and containing duckweed plants
Harvesting
Algae shade
Nutrient uptake efficiency
Safety of harvested duckweed plants
Duckweed wastewater polishing
Pathogen removal
Final effluent discharge
Commercial systems
Section 6 - Alternative uses for duckweed, constraints, and future research
Developing alternative uses for duckweed
Duckweed as poultry and animal feed
Duckweed as a mineral sink
Constraints and research needs
Duckweed production
Genetic improvement
Duckweed wastewater treatment
Drying
Derived products
Annexes
Investment Scenarios
Annex 1 Financial Analysis of Duckweed-fed Fish Culture
Annex 2 Financial Analysis of Duckweed Cropping
Selected Bibliography
Duckweed
Fish culture
-----------------------------------------------------------
Date: Tue, 16 Dec 1997 18:41:53 -0800 (PST)
From: "Darren J. Hanson"
Subject: Re: Duckweed
>I don't think we have
>analogous, commercially-important herbivorous fish in N. America, though.
>Grass carp can be imported into US only if they are sterilized, since they
>might cause great disruption in our waterways if they escaped. Sterile
>Grass Carp might still be useful for some kind of weed control but could be
>expensive (haven't ever priced them). A paranoid aside: How do they (the
>ubiquitous 'they') sterilize them?
After doing some further research of my own, grass carp do not appear to be
illegal in the United States and, in fact, the regulations appeat to vary
from state to state. Some states do have an absolute ban. Others (such as
California where I am, unfortunately) allow only sterile "triploid" (genetic
mutants like "seedless" watermelon) specimens. And still others (such as
Alabama) make no restrictions on their import and use.
I'm still trying to find out if there is an analogous species that wouldn't
have the same controls placed on it that could be substituted in the
polyculture. My thought is that they could be combined with excess duckweed
and other appropriate substances to form a pelleted fish food that could be
used to supplement the duckweed in the polyculture, used for growing
ornamental tropical fish in a parallel culture system, or even sold to other
aquaculturists.
----------------------------------------------------
Date: Sun, 10 May 1998 14:52:59 -0600
From: John Shannonhouse
Subject: Re: Environmental Aspects of Aquaponics
Hello,
On 8 May 1998, Ted ground wrote:
<>
http://www.prism-usa.org/fulltext/duckweed/duckweed.htm
I found this site extremely informative.
<>
An advantage of duckweed (if you want to use it) is that its
preferred nitrogen source is ammonium. As long as the water's pH is
slightly acid, the duckweed will grow very quickly in wastewater and
effectively scrub it of nutrients. Since it floats on the surface, no
aeration is needed. The faster it grows, the higher its quality is. A
well-managed system will efectively shade out algae. It makes a complete
feed for Tilapia or common carp (and ducks, I think), but they probably
won't achieve a near-maximal growth rate because the feed is over 90% water
(if Dr. Rakcocy's hypothesis is correct about the reason Tilapia grow
slowly on algae is that they need to purge themselves of excess water in
their feed).
For the purposes of the system described, the primary disadvantages
are that duckweed cannot be stored for extended periods of time, the
effluent that the duckweed uses must be free of toxic heavy metals (though
this is true for any agricultural system using wastewater, I imagine) and
the high level of carotenoids, which makes it unsuitable for certain
livestock such as cows (it changes the meat's color to unattractive hues).
Based on my admittedly limited knowledge, I would recommend
skipping the Spirulina and going straight through a duckweed "scrubber"
stage instead to avoid eutrophication, then flowing into you Tilapia ponds.
Unlike the figures from your Lativian collegues, the specific yields and
growth conditions of duckweed are available (and they look impressive to
me).
John Shannonhouse
------------------------------------------------
Date: Mon, 11 May 1998 09:59:32 -0600
From: John Shannonhouse
Subject: Re: Duckweed as Feed
Ted,
You have to take my suggestions with a grain of salt. Everything I
am about to say is based on what I havbe read, not on any experience.
<<1)let the little fish and the big fish eat the duckweed in a kind of
hands off, natural pond, as the duckweed grows in the same culture pond
that the fish are growing in? And if so, does duckweed alone meet all their
dietary needs?>>
According to the duckweed aquculture website, duckweed is a
complete feed for Tilapia and common carp. That means the fish will grow
up on nothing else. Duckweed alone may limit their growth, though.
I would not suggest using a natural pond. The duckweed really grow
fast when there is a lot of ammonium in the water (they have a chart about
this on the website, I believe). This may make the levels of ammonia high
enough to be unhealthy for the fish.
<<2) grow fish in a separate pond, and toss into the fish tank weighed,
daily rations of duckweed which has been grown in a separate pond?>>
I would guess this is better than the first option. That is how
the experimenters did it.
<<3) Harvest the duckweed and somehow grind, blend, or concentrate it into
a pellet, perhaps add a few things in the process, like worms, to make
delicious fish gruel?>>
I would guess that this would be the best option. You could mix it
with something drier and maybe compensate for limiting nutrients in
duckweed.
Your questions would be best addressed by experimentation comparing
the three processes.
<>
Crumble up the duckweed in a mortor before you drop it into the tanks?
John Shannonhouse
---------------------------------------------
From: "Ted Ground"
Subject: Re: Duckweed as Feed
Date: Mon, 11 May 1998 15:29:27 -0500
John,
Good common sense answers about the duckweed.
You know, I should not have been so lazy- I should have checked that
website out before I asked you all those dumb questions in my last post. I
just went back and checked the duckweed aquaculture website- really good
stuff there- and it was not the website I recall having seen before. I
actually had another one in mind- it is devoted to the use of duckweed for
water treatment, etc. I'll find it later and send that link to the group
if it looks like it might be useful.
Anyway, it is clear that the nitrogen must come from someplace outside the
system when using duckweed as the plant-based feed, and in Uwe's case, it
would be the reaerated anaerobically digested waste. Hmm.. Interesting
stuff. Thanks, John. In the future, I promise to review your recommended
sites before I start asking questions!
Ted
------------------------------------------
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 1998 10:32:25 -0600
From: John Shannonhouse
Subject: Re: Duckweed
Hello,
On 8 June 1998, Jim Sealy Jr. wrote:
<>
<< Isn't this unusually fast growth/spreading even for cultivated varieties
of lemna? Even in a very fertile marsh with 80+ degF temps? I've never seen
a takeover this quick before. Might this be an improved strain? The
leaflets are about the size of a pinhead (1/16"), 3-4 leaflets, chartreuse
in color.>>
To cover an acre of land, approximately 1*10^8 1/16"^2 plants
would be needed. Duckweed can easily double in a day. To get 10^9 plants
(to cover 10 acres). A fast growing strain of duckweed can double in a
day. This means that a single duckweed frond could do the job in 30 days
under ideal conditions without predation. A single plant can do it in 30
generations. Assuming there were only some (to pick a random number) sixty
to seventy thousand plants the last time you visited (essentially
unnoticable on 10 acres, there could have been many times that), they would
only need about 14 generations to cover the marsh. You had not seen the
marsh in 21 days. Duckweed can easily manage a generation every 1.5 days.
I wouldn't be very surprised.
John Shannonhouse
=========================================
From: "Wendy Nagurny"
Subject: Re: Duckweed
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 1998 21:11:30 -0400
Candace,
Go out to any pond or slow moving stream. Stick your arm into the water
along the shore. Slowly pull it out. The little cloverleaf-looking plants
that stick all over your arm are duckweed. If you still don't know what I
mean, check out this web site.
Lots of pictures of all kinds
http://www.ntrnet.net/~skilli/threedwds.htm
This is a great duckweed site. Just about anything you ever wanted to know
about duckweed. Even discusses duckweed as talapia feed and in wastewater
systems.
http://www.prism-usa.org/fulltext/duckweed/duckweed.htm
Wendy
> How can I get a start of Duckweed? How might I recognize it around
> the creeks, fields here in the Ozarks?
>
> Candace & Les
> Missouri
------------------------------------------
S&S Aqua Farm, 8386 County Road 8820, West Plains, MO 65775 417-256-5124
Web page http://www.townsqr.com/snsaqua/
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Subject: Fwd. packaging
From: S & S Aqua Farm
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 19:28:46 -0600
>Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 15:42:39 -0700
>From: "Michele, Clara, Celia & Jeff"
>To: aqualist
>Subject: packaging
>
>Does any one have a source for packaging for baby lettuce. Looking for
>8oz bags and larger. In particular I'm looking for a kind that stores
>cut lettuce and greens well (some breathability), Also if any one knows
>of a kind that is bio-degradable that would be great. Thanks.
>
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| Message 29 |
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Subject: Re: Wick Hydroponic System
From: MUDDTOO
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 23:08:23 EST
In a message dated 99-02-17 23:40:23 EST, Jean writes:
<< Yes I had planned to manually do the buckets, so how does this wick
system work? It sounds ideal. Please explain. >>
Hello Jean,
I grow some hydroponic vegetables using Flood and Drain, Drip, Wick, and a
sorta passive setup. The wick and passive setup are nearly the same.
Wick setup:
Use two containers, one on top of the other - like stacking buckets; top one
for the plant and the bottom one for the solution. Add a strip or two, say 1
inch wide by 4 to 6 inches long, of white felt or cotton cloth, pushed through
the bottom container and down into the bottom of the lower solution container.
The cloth can wick UP the solution nearly 5 inches into the root area of the
plant above. Clean the dirt off the roots and transplant the plant into a few
inches of perlite in the upper container - while pulling the felt strips up
near the root area. Add your solution to the lower container as high as you
can and set the upper one with the plant on top. Once a week or so top off
the lower container with solution.
Sorta Passive setup:
Nearly the same as above except push the roots through a hole in the bottom of
the upper container. Add some perlite to give support for the plant, maybe an
inch or so. Fill the lower container with solution as high as possible and
never fill it again. The roots will grow down into the lower container and in
time some or most of them will be above the present water level and will live
on the moist air vapor. If you refill after they've lived for some time in
air they will die. This setup is good for fast plants like lettuce. Lettuce
only need about 2 liters each and about 45 days until their ready to eat. With
tomatoes you'd need a very deep container of about 10 - 15 gallons.
In both cases 1 cheap airstone and air pump (used in aquariams) added to each
container will keep the solution fresher longer. One cheap pump is running 4
airstones at my house for 20 head of lettuce. I grow lettuce in both these
methods with the sorta passive setup being somewhat faster and w/o any further
maintenance.
Have fun,
Oh - side note: I grow tomatoes in 2-liter and 2 gallon buckets. The 2-liter
size last for a season ( 7 months) and the 2 gallon size supports 2 plants for
about a year.
Joel
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| Message 30 |
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Subject: Word of Thanks
From: Dave Miller
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 23:18:18 -0500
Paula,
It is that time to recharge your batteries and I want to thank you
highly for keeping the flag waving, the light on and for generally being
able to read through this list and keep it going. I have picked up many
side details closely/distantly related to aquaponics; sister studies as
such, vermiculture, rainwater collection and even yurt huts! I now know
more about snails, frogs, worms, duckweed and even model rocketry!
PLEASE: Keep up the great efforts. Is there anyway we can help you
archive the best or to thread? I know you are trying, there must be a
program, even if it only works from this day forward to archive by
subject.
Perhaps this could serve as an example by post/response and archive:
PLUMBING DISCUSSION FORUM:
http://www.europa.com/~aball/msgs.html#post
Still, your list has personality...... :>
Dave
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| Message 31 |
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Subject: Re: Wick Hydroponic System
From: Dave Miller
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 23:50:36 -0500
Joel,
I am intrigued with your confined tomatoes, I assume these are indoors,
maybe in a greenhouse. What is your light source? How high do they
get? Are you able to grow off season? How do they pollinate?
You can answer offline.
--
Dave
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A "green" home remodeler
A father of 2 cockatiels
An organic farmer
A veggie drummer/keyboardist
S&S Aqua Farm, 8386 County Road 8820, West Plains, MO 65775 417-256-5124
Web page http://www.townsqr.com/snsaqua/
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